The process of yeast utilizing sugar as a food, and as a byproduct, produce alcohol. Honey typically does not have enough moisture for fermentation to occur.

A queen, which has been inseminated, naturally or artificially, and can lay fertilized eggs.

Worker bees generally two to three weeks old that work to collect nectar, pollen, water, and propolis for the colony.

A thin board the size of a frame that can be inserting into a hive to reduce the space available to the bees. This is done to help smaller colonies that may have trouble keeping the brood nest warm.

The predominant simple sugar found in honey.

A rectangular cover the size of a super which has an absorbent material on the underside. A chemical is placed on the material to drive the bees out of supers for honey removal.

An antibiotic used in the prevention and suppression of nosema disease.